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DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08644.x - Corpus ID: 25450506
@article{Schnuch2008paraPhenylenediamineTP, title={para‐Phenylenediamine: the profile of an important allergen. Results of the IVDK 1}, author={Axel Schnuch and Holger Lessmann and Peter J Frosch and Wolfgang Uter}, journal={British Journal of Dermatology}, year={2008}, volume={159}, url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25450506}}- A. Schnuch, H. Lessmann, W. Uter
- Published in British Journal of… 1 August 2008
- Medicine
PPD is an important contact allergen and primarily used in hair dyeing, and it is important to know the carrier and removal status of this substance.
93 Citations
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15
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93 Citations
- C. GoebelP. Coenraads B. Blömeke
- 2010
Medicine
The British journal of dermatology
This data indicates that the use of hair dye products containing p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is a concern for PPD‐allergic individuals.
- 30
- PDF
- A. MalvestioM. Bovenzi F. Larese Filon
- 2011
Medicine, Environmental Science
Contact dermatitis
Background. p‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an extreme delayed‐type skin sensitizer, and is relevant in both occupational and non‐occupational exposures.
- 21
- H. SøstedT. Rustemeyer J. Johansen
- 2013
Chemistry, Medicine
Contact dermatitis
p‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) is the primary patch test screening agent for hair dye contact allergy, and approximately 100 different hair dye chemicals are allowed.
- 83
- B. BlömekeL. PotP. CoenraadsJ. HennenM. KockC. Goebel
- 2015
Medicine
The British journal of dermatology
The factors influencing elicitation responses in individuals allergic to p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) in hair dyes are not well understood.
- 22
- T. A. VogelRakita W. HeijnenP. CoenraadsM. Schuttelaar
- 2017
Chemistry, Environmental Science
Contact dermatitis
Cross‐reactions and co‐sensitizations are of great importance in understanding contact allergy and exposure sources.
- 23
- M. SchuttelaarT. A. Vogel F. Larese Filon
- 2016
Chemistry, Medicine
Contact dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) is common among all age groups and both sexes. Monitoring of prevalence and intensity of sensitization is important.
- 22
- PDF
- P. FroschKatrin KüglerJ. Geier
- 2011
Chemistry, Medicine
Contact dermatitis
A small number of women have had adverse reactions to permanent hair dyes, and primarily result from sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), while others have had no adverse reactions at all.
- 17
- B. ThomasI. WhiteJ. McFaddenP. Banerjee
- 2014
Chemistry, Medicine
Contact dermatitis
Hair dye exposure is the most common cause of sensitization to p‐phenylenediamine (PPD). Cross‐reactions with structurally related allergens occur.
- 31
- S. SchubertH. LessmannA. SchnuchW. UterJ. Geier
- 2018
Medicine
Contact dermatitis
Risk factors for p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) sensitization include the use of hair dyes, the application of temporary black henna tattoos, working as a hairdresser, and, possibly, exposure to hair dye…
- B. BlömekeR. Brans Y. Kawakubo
- 2009
Medicine
The British journal of dermatology
PPD is acetylated and the metabolites do not activate dendritic‐like cells and T cells of PPD‐sensitized individuals, so the balance between activation and/or detoxification processes may influence an individual’s susceptibility.
- 24
- PDF
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56 References
- S. Y. HoD. BasketterD. JefferiesR. RycroftI. WhiteJ. McFadden
- 2005
Medicine
The British journal of dermatology
Background Despite having a positive patch test reaction to para‐phenylenediamine (PPD), some patients continue to dye their hair, while others are forced to give up or abandon this practice. This…
- 72
- W. UterW. Uter G. Richter
- 2002
Chemistry, Medicine
Allergy
Background: Allergic contact sensitization to ‘para amino’ compounds is frequent and the spectrum of cross‐reactivity between members of this chemical group is variable.
- 76
- E. Skog
- 1965
Medicine
Archives of dermatology
A statisically significant correlation was found between flare-ups and amount, so that the larger the amount of PPD the higher the frequency of flares, and about half of both reactions occurred in patients with eczematous dermatitis.
- 18
- J. McfaddenI. WhiteJ. JohansenM. Bruze
- 2005
Medicine
Contact dermatitis
A lowering of the test concentration of PPD in the European series is a way to diminish active sensitization, but such a lowering should only be considered if published data from the German Contact Dermatitis Group unambiguously demonstrated thatactive sensitization at patch testing is a significant problem.
- 13
- PDF
- R. RietschelJ. Fowler
- 1995
Medicine, Environmental Science
This edition is revised and updated with all the new allergens patients are likely to encounter and includes patient education instructions for dealing with common allergens.
- 625
- PDF
- U. HillenU. Jappe J. Geier
- 2006
Medicine
The British journal of dermatology
PPD and epoxy resins are potent allergens and therefore may potentially induce patch‐test sensitization, and there has been no prospective study on the frequency of late reactions in routine patch testing with these allergens.
- 66
- PDF
- David ArmstrongA. B. Jones J. McFadden
- 1999
Environmental Science, Medicine
Contact dermatitis
The patient was advised to sanitize her pool with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), a chlorine-free compound sold as BacquacilA or SoftswimA, not yet distributed in Canada but freely available in the USA.
- 44
- D. BeckerV. Mahler P. Elsner
- 2005
Medicine
Contact dermatitis
Hermal had to take immediate action prior to publication of the data and removed PPD from its standard series in Germany as well as the ‘European’ standard series until a definitive evidence-based decision by European groups has been made to which after their publication the German data may contribute.
- 19
- S. DevosP. V. D. van der valk
- 2001
Medicine
Contact dermatitis
It is stated that routine series should not contain PPD and that PPD is not a ubiquitous allergen and can be tested on a non‐routine basis if industrial exposure to para‐compounds is suspected or if a specific localization prompts the testing of PPD.
- 62
- L. Kanerva
- 2000
Environmental Science, Medicine
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
It is suggested that patch testing for irritants and allergens should be placed in the intermediate range according to their severity in the workplace.
- 235
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