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, A. Schnuch Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) at the University of Göttingen, Von Siebold Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
*Department of Dermatology, University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund gGmbh, Dortmund, Germany
†Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Correspondence: Axel Schnuch. E‐mail:aschnuch@med.uni‐goettingen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic H. Lessmann Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) at the University of Göttingen, Von Siebold Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
*Department of Dermatology, University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund gGmbh, Dortmund, Germany
†Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic P.J. Frosch Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) at the University of Göttingen, Von Siebold Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
*Department of Dermatology, University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund gGmbh, Dortmund, Germany
†Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic W. Uter Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) at the University of Göttingen, Von Siebold Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
*Department of Dermatology, University of Witten/Herdecke and Klinikum Dortmund gGmbh, Dortmund, Germany
†Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 2, 1 August 2008, Pages 379–386, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08644.x
Published:
01 August 2008
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A. Schnuch, H. Lessmann, P.J. Frosch, W. Uter, para‐Phenylenediamine: the profile of an important allergen. Results of the IVDK1, British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 159, Issue 2, 1 August 2008, Pages 379–386, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08644.x
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Summary
Background para‐Phenylenediamine (PPD) is an important contact allergen and primarily used in hair dyeing.
Objectives To quantify cases of contact allergy (CA) to PPD attributed to sources of exposure.
Methods Patients with PPD CA, diagnosed by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; n = 3307 of 83 030 patients tested), were divided into five subgroups of exposure. Demographic variables and pattern of concomitant reactions were used to characterize the subgroups further. The impact of individual factors on the risk of PPD CA was examined with a logistic regression analysis. Clinical epidemiology and drug utilization research (CE‐DUR) methods were employed to estimate the 10‐year prevalence of PPD CA in the general population.
Results The 4% prevalence of PPD CA in patients was extrapolated to a prevalence of 0·96% in the general population. The defined profiles were found to ‘explain’ the following percentages of PPD CA: (i) hair dyeing in clients 22% (0·2% of the general population); (ii) different occupational exposures, namely hair dyeing by hairdressers, paint‐ and rubber‐associated exposures 23% (0·22% of the general population); (iii) clothing/shoes 12% (0·12% of the general population). A probable causal exposure to PPD could not be identified in about 44% of patients with PPD CA.
Conclusions In more than 50% of cases of PPD CA, a (very) probable causal exposure was identified. In the large remainder (44%) this was not possible. ‘Historical’ CA without current relevance and active sensitization through patch testing (a further important exposure to PPD) must be considered in these patients.
CAS 106‐50‐3, contact allergy, cross‐reactions, hair dyes, isopropylparaphenylenediamine, para‐phenylenediamine, rubber
© 2008 British Association of Dermatologists
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
Issue Section:
Original Articles > Contact dermatitis and allergy
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